Lower order three-dimensional Burgers equation having non-Maxwellian ions in dusty plasmas

The dust acoustic (DA) shock wave with dust charge fluctuations, non-Maxwellian ions, and non-isothermal electrons is studied theoretically. The perturbation technique is employed to derive the lower order three-dimensional (3D) Burgers equation, and shock wave solution is explored by the tan-hyperbolic method. The effects of flat trapped and trapped electron distributions in the presence of Maxwellian and non-Maxwellian ions on characteristics shock waves are observed. The temperature ratio of non-Maxwellian ion temperature and non-isothermal electron temperature is found to play an important role in forming the shock-like structure.