Electron localization of linear symmetric molecular ion H₃²⁺

Electron localization in the dissociation of the symmetric linear molecular ion H₃²⁺ is investigated. The numerical simulation shows that the electron localization distribution is dependent on the central frequency and peak electric field amplitude of the external ultrashort ultraviolet laser pulse. When the electrons of the ground state are excited onto the 2pσ²Σ_u⁺ by a one-photon process, most electrons of the dissociation states are localized at the protons on both sides symmetrically. Almost no electron is stabilized at the middle proton due to the odd symmetry of the wave function. With the increase of the frequency of the external ultraviolet laser pulse, the electron localization ratio of the middle proton increases, for more electrons of the ground state are excited onto the higher 3pσ²Σ_u⁺ state. 50.9% electrons of all the dissociation events can be captured by the middle Coulomb potential well through optimizing the central frequency and peak electric field amplitude of the ultraviolet laser pulse. Besides, a direct current (DC) electric field can be utilized to control the electron motions of the dissociation states after the excitation of an ultraviolet laser pulse, and 68.8% electrons of the dissociation states can be controlled into the middle proton.