Room-temperature ferromagnetism observed in Nd-doped In₂O₃ dilute magnetic semiconducting nanowires

Nd-doped In₂O₃ nanowires were fabricated by an Au-catalyzed chemical vapor deposition method. Nd atoms were successfully doped into the In₂O₃ host lattice structure, as revealed by energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and x-ray diffraction. Robust room temperature ferromagnetism was observed in Nd-doped In₂O₃ nanowires, which was attributed to the long-range-mediated magnetization among Nd³⁺-vacancy complexes through percolation-bound magnetic polarons.