Expanding the bandwidth of planar MNG materials with co-directional split-ring resonators

An effective approach to expand the bandwidth of negative permeability of small-sized planar materials is proposed. Based on qualitative analysis of equivalent circuit models, the fractional bandwidth of an μ-negative (MNG) material is expanded from 3.53% up to 12.87% by adding split-ring resonators (SRRs) and arranging them by proposed steps. Moreover, the experimental results validate the effectiveness of bandwidth-expanding methods, which is promising for the extensive application of metamaterials in the microwave field.