Simulation of continuous terahertz wave transient state thermal effects on static water

We report a numerical simulation of continuous terahertz beam induced transient thermal effects on static water. The terahertz wave used in this paper has a Gaussian beam profile. Based on the transient heat conduction equation, the finite element method (FEM) is utilized to calculate the temperature distribution. The simulation results show the dynamic process of temperature change in water during terahertz irradiation. After about 300 s, the temperature reaches a steady state with a water layer thickness of 5 mm and a beam radius of 0.25 mm. The highest temperature increase is 7 K/mW approximately. This work motivates further study on the interaction between terahertz wave and bio-tissue, which has a high water content.