Optical patterns in spatially coupled phase-conjugate systems

Various pattern evolutions are presented in one- and two-dimensional spatially coupled phase-conjugate systems (SCPCSs). As the system parameters change, different patterns are obtained from the period-doubling of kink–antikinks in space to the spatiotemporal chaos in a one-dimensional SCPCS. The homogeneous symmetric states induce symmetry breaking from the four corners and the boundaries, finally leading to spatiotemporal chaos with the increase of the iteration time in a two-dimensional SCPCS. Numerical simulations are very helpful for understanding the complex optical phenomena.