Multi-valued solitary waves in multidimensional soliton systems

Considering that folded phenomena are rather universal in nature and some arbitrary functions can be included in the exact excitations of many (2+1)-dimensional soliton systems, we use adequate multivalued functions to construct folded solitary structures in multi-dimensions. Based on some interesting variable separation results in the literature, a common formula with arbitrary functions has been derived for suitable physical quantities of some significant (2+1)-dimensional soliton systems like the generalized Ablowitz－Kaup－Newell－Segur (GAKNS) model, the generalized Nizhnik－Novikov－Veselov (GNNV) system and the new (2+1)-dimensional long dispersive wave (NLDW) system. Then a new special type of two-dimensional solitary wave structure, i.e. the folded solitary wave and foldon, is obtained. The novel structure exhibits interesting features not found in the single valued solitary excitations.