H–O stiffness transition from the bulk to the skins of large volumes and nanodroplets.[53,74] (a) Skins of 298 K water and (253–258) K ice[65] share an identical ωH of 3450 cm−1 and the (b) D–O phonon[33] transits from below 2550 to its above for the skin of droplet. Insets show ice slipperiness, water skin toughness, and the elasticity and hydrophobicity of skins of droplet and water. |