O:H–O segmental length cooperative relaxation.[63,78] (a) O—O distance changes by shortening one segment and lengthening the other because of coupling interaction. The O:H always relaxes more than the H–O does because of the O:H–O segmental disparity. The primary rule for (b) O:H–O length cooperativity by compression (p), thermal excitation (t), molecular undercoordination (z), and electrostatic polarization (e). |