Low-power electro–optic phase modulator based on multilayer cgraphene/silicon nitride waveguide

Ji Lanting^{1, 2}, Chen Wei¹, Gao Yang¹, Xu Yan¹, Wu Chi², Wang Xibin¹, Yi Yunji¹, Li Baohua¹, Sun Xiaoqiang^{1, †}, Zhang Daming¹

Normalized transmission of the MZI modulator changes with applied gate voltage for the two-layer graphene at different modulating lengths.