Low-power electro–optic phase modulator based on multilayer cgraphene/silicon nitride waveguide

Ji Lanting^{1, 2}, Chen Wei¹, Gao Yang¹, Xu Yan¹, Wu Chi², Wang Xibin¹, Yi Yunji¹, Li Baohua¹, Sun Xiaoqiang^{1, †}, Zhang Daming¹

Optical transmission of the MZI modulator changes with applied gate voltages for the 80-μm-long graphene with different layers.