Low-power electro–optic phase modulator based on multilayer cgraphene/silicon nitride waveguide

Ji Lanting^{1, 2}, Chen Wei¹, Gao Yang¹, Xu Yan¹, Wu Chi², Wang Xibin¹, Yi Yunji¹, Li Baohua¹, Sun Xiaoqiang^{1, †}, Zhang Daming¹

(a) Three-dimensional (3D) and (b) cross-sectional view of the graphene-based Si₃N₄ waveguide electro–optic modulator.