Perpendicular magnetization switching by large spin–orbit torques from sputtered Bi<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>3</sub>

Perpendicular magnetization switching by large spin–orbit torques from sputtered Bi₂Te₃

Zheng Zhenyi^{1, 2, 3}, Zhang Yue^{1, †}, Zhu Daoqian¹, Zhang Kun¹, Feng Xueqiang¹, He Yu¹, Chen Lei¹, Zhang Zhizhong^{1, 2}, Liu Dijun², Zhang Youguang^{1, 2}, Amiri Pedram Khalili³, Zhao Weisheng^{1, ‡}

(a) Effective spin Hall angles of sputtered Pt, Ta, W, and Bi₂Te₃. (b) Normalized power consumption to switch the magnetization of CoTb per unit volume by different SOT source materials. The black bars and orange bars correspond respectively to the calculation formulas related to θSHeff and j_sw.