Perpendicular magnetization switching by large spin–orbit torques from sputtered Bi<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>3</sub>

Perpendicular magnetization switching by large spin–orbit torques from sputtered Bi₂Te₃

Zheng Zhenyi^{1, 2, 3}, Zhang Yue^{1, †}, Zhu Daoqian¹, Zhang Kun¹, Feng Xueqiang¹, He Yu¹, Chen Lei¹, Zhang Zhizhong^{1, 2}, Liu Dijun², Zhang Youguang^{1, 2}, Amiri Pedram Khalili³, Zhao Weisheng^{1, ‡}

Current-induced switching curves of Bi₂Te₃/CoTb under an in-plane magnetic field H_x = 400 Oe (a) and –400 Oe (e). (b)–(c) The AHE curves of Pt/CoTb, Ta/CoTb, and W/CoTb samples, respectively. (f)–(h) The current-induced switching curves of Pt/CoTb, Ta/CoTb, and W/CoTb samples under H_x = 400 Oe. The different switching polarities reveal different spin Hall angle signs.