SiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticle-regulated crystallization of lead halide perovskite and improved efficiency of carbon-electrode-based low-temperature planar perovskite solar cells

SiO₂ nanoparticle-regulated crystallization of lead halide perovskite and improved efficiency of carbon-electrode-based low-temperature planar perovskite solar cells

Liang Zerong¹, Yang Bingchu^{1, †}, Mei Anyi², Lin Siyuan¹, Han Hongwei², Yuan Yongbo¹, Xie Haipeng¹, Gao Yongli^{1, 3}, Zhou Conghua^{1, ‡}

Stability test of the low-temperature, carbon-electrode-based PSCs. (a) Storage stability and (b) photo-stability or the test of so-called maximum-power-point tracking (MPPT). No encapsulation was used, and for storage-test, the devices were stored at dark with relative humidity of 45%(± 10%).