SiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticle-regulated crystallization of lead halide perovskite and improved efficiency of carbon-electrode-based low-temperature planar perovskite solar cells

SiO₂ nanoparticle-regulated crystallization of lead halide perovskite and improved efficiency of carbon-electrode-based low-temperature planar perovskite solar cells

Liang Zerong¹, Yang Bingchu^{1, †}, Mei Anyi², Lin Siyuan¹, Han Hongwei², Yuan Yongbo¹, Xie Haipeng¹, Gao Yongli^{1, 3}, Zhou Conghua^{1, ‡}

Effect of volume ratio of SiO₂ precursor on (a) charge extraction time [t_d, extracted from transient photocurrent (TPC) decay curves], (b) lifetime [τ, extracted from transient photocurrent (TPV) decay curves], and (c) dark current density–voltage curves of the low-temperature planar CPSCs.