SiO2 nanoparticle-regulated crystallization of lead halide perovskite and improved efficiency of carbon-electrode-based low-temperature planar perovskite solar cells |
(a) Schematic figures for the preparation of low temperature, planar CPSCs with addition of SiO2 NPs in PbI2 solution. (b) XRD pattern of the SiO2 NPs. (c) TEM image of the SiO2 NPs. |