SiO2 nanoparticle-regulated crystallization of lead halide perovskite and improved efficiency of carbon-electrode-based low-temperature planar perovskite solar cells
Liang Zerong1, Yang Bingchu1, †, Mei Anyi2, Lin Siyuan1, Han Hongwei2, Yuan Yongbo1, Xie Haipeng1, Gao Yongli1, 3, Zhou Conghua1, ‡
       

(a) Schematic figures for the preparation of low temperature, planar CPSCs with addition of SiO2 NPs in PbI2 solution. (b) XRD pattern of the SiO2 NPs. (c) TEM image of the SiO2 NPs.