Recent progress in graphene terahertz modulators

Chen Xieyu¹, Tian Zhen^{1, †}, Li Quan¹, Li Shaoxian¹, Zhang Xueqian¹, Ouyang Chunmei¹, Gu Jianqiang¹, Han Jiaguang¹, Zhang Weili^{2, ‡}

(a) Schematic view of the graphene–metal hybrid metasurface. (b) Measured transmission spectra of the sample with and without graphene layer under different THz electric field intensities.^[67] Figure reprinted with permission: Ref. [67], ©2019 by the Optical Society of America (OSA).