Spontaneous growth of the reconnection electric field during magnetic reconnection with a guide field: A theoretical model and particle-in-cell simulations

Huang Kai^{1, 2}, Lu Quan-Ming^{1, 2, †}, Wang Rong-Sheng^{1, 2}, Wang Shui^{1, 2}

Time evolution of the reconnection electric field E_y / v_AB₀ (the blue line) and electron outflow speed V_{e, out} / v_A (the red cross) when the guide field is B_g / B₀ = 1, 2, and 3. The growth rates of the reconnection electric field and electron outflow speed are also shown in each panel. The initial perturbation amplitude is Ψ₀ / (B₀d_i) = 0.05.