Constraint dependence of average potential energy of a passive particle in an active bath

Ye Simin^{1, 2, †}, Liu Peng^{1, 2}, Wei Zixuan², Ye Fangfu^{1, 2, 3, 4, ‡}, Yang Mingcheng^{1, 2, §}, Chen Ke^{1, 2, 3, ¶}

The average potential energy of the passive tracer U/k_BT as a function of external constraint kσs2/kBT for various self-propelled force FdσskBT in simulation. The particle size ratio is 3 : 1 and the packing fraction ρ is 0.30.