Constraint dependence of average potential energy of a passive particle in an active bath

Ye Simin^{1, 2, †}, Liu Peng^{1, 2}, Wei Zixuan², Ye Fangfu^{1, 2, 3, 4, ‡}, Yang Mingcheng^{1, 2, §}, Chen Ke^{1, 2, 3, ¶}

The average potential energy U/k_BT as a function of external constraint kσs2/kBT for various bacterial packing fractions ρ in experiment (a) and simulation (b). The particle size is 5σ_s in (a) and 3σ_s in (b). The passive curves correspond to the inactive bacteria sample.