Pulling force of acoustic-vortex beams on centered elastic spheres based on the annular transducer model

Li Yuzhi¹, Wang Qingdong², Guo Gepu¹, Chu Hongyan¹, Ma Qingyu^{1, †}, Tu Juan³, Zhang Dong³

(a)–(c) Axial distributions of the normalized ARF and (d)–(f) the corresponding pulling force islands with respect to k₀a for AV beams with the topological charges of 0, 1, 2, and 6 generated by the annular transducer with W = 10 mm and r_base = 10 mm.