A numerical study of dynamics in thin hopper flow and granular jet

Wang Meng-Ke^{1, 2}, Yang Guang-Hui^{1, 2}, Zhang Sheng^{1, 2}, Cai Han-Jie^{1, 2}, Lin Ping^{1, 2, †}, Chen Liang-Wen^{1, 2}, Yang Lei^{1, 2}

Snapshots (in y–z cross section) of granular jets near the slot of the hopper for different slot widths D (from left to right 5d, 10d, 15d, 20d, 30d).