Hybrid-PIC/PIC simulations on ion extraction by electric field in laser-induced plasma

Lu Xiao-Yong^{1, 2}, Yuan Cheng^{1, 2}, Zhang Xiao-Zhang^{1, †}, Zhang Zhi-Zhong²

Plots of remaining ion/electron ratio versus extraction time in two-dimensional simulations with initial plasma density being 1.0 × 10¹¹ cm⁻³.