Hybrid-PIC/PIC simulations on ion extraction by electric field in laser-induced plasma
Lu Xiao-Yong1, 2, Yuan Cheng1, 2, Zhang Xiao-Zhang1, †, Zhang Zhi-Zhong2
       

Plots of remaining ion ratio and remaining electron ratio versus extraction time in two-dimensional simulations for four electrode configurations: (a) parallel type, (b) alternately biased parallel type, (c) Π-type, and (d) M-type, with initial plasma density being 5.0 × 109 cm−3.