Hybrid-PIC/PIC simulations on ion extraction by electric field in laser-induced plasma

Lu Xiao-Yong^{1, 2}, Yuan Cheng^{1, 2}, Zhang Xiao-Zhang^{1, †}, Zhang Zhi-Zhong²

Typical diagram of electric ion extraction of (a) parallel type, (b) alternately biased parallel type, (c) Π-type, and (d) M-type.