Review on electrode-level fracture in lithium-ion batteries

Lu Bo^{1, 2}, Ning Chengqiang^{1, 2}, Shi Dingxin³, Zhao Yanfei^{3, †}, Zhang Junqian^{1, 2}

Surface morphology of (a) Si/Na-CMC, (b) Si/nafion, and (c) Si/PVDF electrodes after the 1st delithiation. Cross-sections of (d) Si/SA, (e) Si/nafion, (f) Si/Na-CMC, and (g) Si/PVDF electrodes at the 2nd delithiation state prepared by focused ion beam. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [31]. Copyright 2019, Elsevier.