Comparison of distribution of lost beam ions in E–ΔΛ space for (a)–(c) multiple-n and (d)–(f)n_single = 2 simulations with the same parameter β_h = 1.81%, υ_h = 2.55υ_A, where E is referred to the energy of lost beam ion at the lost moment and ΔΛ is referred to the difference between the pitch angle Λ_l1 at the lost moment and the pitch angle Λ_l0 at the initial moment when the particle has not suffered from the perturbation. [(a), (d)] The lost passing particle distribution in each simulation. [(b), (e)] The lost trapped particle distribution in each simulation. [(c), (f)] The overall lost particle distribution in each simulation. The color coding is in arbitrary units.