Neutron-based characterization techniques for lithium-ion battery research

Project supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2016YFA0401503), the National Materials Genome Project of China (Grant No. 2016YFB0100106), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11675255).
Zhao Enyue1, 2, Zhang Zhi-Gang1, 2, Li Xiyang2, He Lunhua1, 2, 4, Yu Xiqian2, Li Hong2, Wang Fangwei1, 2, 3, 4, †
       

(a) Images from the cycling profile corresponding to time tref, t5, and t6. Reproduced with permission.[113] Copyright 2011, The Electrochemical Society. (b) Calibrated images of one cell immediately, 75 s, and 585 s after injection of the liquid, the position of the cell stack is shown by the broken lines, and the brightness and contrast are adjusted for ease of viewing. Reproduced with permission.[114] Copyright 2016, Elsevier. (c) Transmission images of the four charge states in the neutron wavelength range from 0.1 nm to 0.8 nm. Reproduced with permission.[115] Copyright 2016, Elsevier. (d) 3D visualization of the commercial 18650 Li-ion cell (discharged state), reconstructed from neutron radiography based on data acquired using a “white” neutron beam (left) and monochromatic neutrons (right). Reproduced with permission.[116] Copyright 2016, Elsevier.