(a) The transition probabilities of P 9,10 (black line) and P 8,9 (red line) after 50 kicks with N = 20, ν = 0.01 , γ = 50 , and g = 10. (b) The specific evolution processes of the transition probabilities with T = 2 π / 240 (resonant situation) and T = 0.04 (off-resonant situation) respectively (assuming a trap frequency ω 0 of 2 π × 10 kHz). P j , i expresses the probability of transiting from initial state ∣ l , i 〉 to ∣ l , j 〉 , and all the variables are dimensionless.