(a) A sine wave modulated by Gaussian pulse shape (the black dashed line) into a wavepacket (the blue full line). Such a wavepacket is determined by four properties: frequency, phase, amplitude, and envelope shape. (b) The Bloch sphere. Quantum states can be represented by the vectors at the Bloch sphere (drawn with QuTiP^[23]), and the modulated microwave wavepacket decides the quantum state trajectory of a qubit in the Bloch sphere. (c) Mixing technique schematic diagram. Continuous microwave generated by a microwave source (MW) is input into the LO terminal, and I/Q signals respectively generated by two channels of AWG are sent into the I and Q terminals, then the modulated microwave wavepacket is obtained from the RF terminal. (d) DDS technique schematic diagram. The microwave wavepacket is directly generated by SHF-AWG.