Grain boundary restructuring and La/Ce/Y application in Nd–Fe–B magnets
Yan Mi, Jin Jiaying, Ma Tianyu
       

Chemical heterogeneity of MMP magnets compared to the chemically homogeneous SMP ones. Schematics in (a) and (c) show the evolution of different microstructures for SMP and MMP magnets, respectively. Back-scattered SEM micrographs (bright and grey contrasts refer to RE-rich and matrix phases, respectively) and corresponding elemental mappings of Nd, Ce, and La for (a) MMP magnet with 18 wt.% La–Ce/TRE and (b) SMP magnet with 9 wt.% La–Ce/TRE. (e) Room temperature demagnetization curves for SMP and MMP magnets. (f) Dependence of magnetic properties on La–Ce concentration for SMP and MMP magnets.[22]