Ramsey-coherent population trapping Cs atomic clock based on lin∥lin optical pumping with dispersion detection

Cheng Peng-Fei^{1, 2}, Zhang Jian-Wei^{2, 3, †}, Wang Li-Jun^{1, 2, 3, ‡}

(a) Measured cell temperature stability. The out-loop sensor is an extra negative temperature coefficient resistor (NTC) placed near the cell, and the stability is better than 0.1 mK up to 4000 s. (b) Measured temperature-induced frequency shift, which has a slope of approximately −3.6 Hz/°C.