Wetting failure condition on rough surfaces
Yang Feng-Chao1, Chen Xiao-Peng1, 2, †
       

(a) Illustration for lubrication theory. (b) Cassie–Baxter state when contact line advances on rough surface. (c) Contact line pinning and effective microscopic contact angle: θ e = θ Y + 90 ° . Dashed curve indicates an imaginal bended interface.