Electron self-injection and acceleration in a hollow plasma channel driven by ultrashort intense laser pulses |
Space and time evolution of the electron density (a) and the electric field Ex (b) on the propagating axis of the laser pulse. The times of the first (t = 0.7 ps), second (t = 1.23 ps), and third (t = 2.12 ps) crossing of self-injected electrons on the on-axis (y = 0) are shown in panel (a). |