Drag reduction characteristics of heated spheres falling into water*

Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11672094).

Li Jia-Chuan, Wei Ying-Jie, Wang Cong, Xia Wei-Xue
       

Surface states of the spheres at 20-cm underneath water surface at Ts = 400 °C (a), 600 °C (b), and 800 °C (c), with water temperature maintained at 25 °C in all cases.