(color online) Schematics of alloys during directional solidification under an applied magnetic field: (a) distribution of Fe atoms and microstructure of Al₃Fe phase as a liquid and solid under gradient magnetic field; (b) schematic of constitutional distribution; (c) distribution of magnetic flux density and its gradient along the axial direction; (d) schematic showing effect of magnetic force; (e) schematic showing the effect of TEMC. Reproduced from Ref. [74], with the permission of AIP Publishing.