Electronic structures of impurities and point defects in semiconductors
Zhang Yong †
       

(color online) Energy band diagrams for a Cl vacancy-like donor. (a) Conventional hydrogen model for a donor in its ground state with a binding energy ED. (b) Neutral vacancy state (V0) with an electron binding energy EI. (c) The lowest excited state of the vacancy (one of the possible V− states) – a bound exciton with a binding energy ED.