Research progress of low-dimensional metal halide perovskites for lasing applications

Liu Zhen^{1, 2}, Li Chun¹, Shang Qiu-Yu¹, Zhao Li-Yun¹, Zhong Yang-Guang¹, Gao Yan¹, Du Wen-Na³, Mi Yang³, Chen Jie³, Zhang Shuai³, Liu Xin-Feng³, Fu Ying-Shuang^{2, †}, Zhang Qing^{1, ‡}

(color online) (a) Schematic of unit cell and crystalline structure of typical perovskite structures. In a unit cell, A, B, and X are located at eight corners, the body center, and six face centers of the unit cell, respectively (left panel); crystalline structure of ABX₃ (middle panel) and A₂BX₄ (right panel). (b) Wide wavelength tunability of emission color throughout the whole visible region realized by controlling the stoichiometry, such as A = Cs⁺, , or FA⁺, B = Pb²⁺ or Sn²⁺, and X = Cl⁻, Br⁻, or I⁻.