Three-dimensional modulations on the states of polarization of light fields<xref rid="cpb_27_11_114201fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref><fn id="cpb_27_11_114201fn1"><label>*</label> <p>Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11634010, 11774289, 61675168, and 61377035), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2017YFA0303800), Joint Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation Committee of China Academy of Engineering Physics (Grant No. U1630125), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China (Grant No. 3102018zy036).</p></fn>

Three-dimensional modulations on the states of polarization of light fields**

Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11634010, 11774289, 61675168, and 61377035), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2017YFA0303800), Joint Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation Committee of China Academy of Engineering Physics (Grant No. U1630125), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China (Grant No. 3102018zy036).

Li Peng^{1, †}, Wu Dongjing¹, Liu Sheng¹, Zhang Yi¹, Guo Xuyue¹, Qi Shuxia¹, Li Yu^{1, 2}, Zhao Jianlin^{1, ‡}

(color online) 3D alignment determination of single gold nanorods in two-photon fluorescence scanning images. (a) Schematic illustration of an arbitrary 3D polarization beam interacting with randomly aligned gold nanorods. (b)–(e) Schematic 3D alignment of gold nanorods and their associated calculated fluorescence rate images.^[162]