Electrical spin polarization through spin–momentum locking in topological-insulator nanostructures*

Project supported by the National Key Basic Research Program of China (Grant Nos. 2014CB921103 and 2017YFA0206304), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61822403, 11874203, U1732159, and U1732273), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China (Grant No. 021014380080), and Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid-State Lighting and Energy-Saving Electronics, China.

Zhang Minhao1, Wang Xuefeng1, 3, †, Song Fengqi2, 3, Zhang Rong1, 3, ‡
       

(color online) Measured (a) y, and (b) x and z components of the spin polarization along the direction.[12] (c) Spin vortex at the conduction and valence bands.[56] This figure is reproduced from Refs. [12] and[56].