Spin manipulation in semiconductor quantum dots qubit Project supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2016YFA0301700), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11674300, 61674132, 11575172, and 11625419), and the Fundamental Research Fund for the Central Universities, China. |
(color online) Bloch sphere corresponding to the state of an electron spin qubit. Any state |ψ〉 is a superposition state of |0〉 and |1〉 represented as |ψ〉 = cos(θ/2) |0〉 + eiφ sin (θ/2)|1〉. |