Evacuation flow of pedestrians considering compassion effect<xref rid="cpb_27_8_088901fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref><fn id="cpb_27_8_088901fn1"><label>*</label><p>Project supported by the Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2016YFC0802508) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11672289 and 11422221). MBH acknowledges the support of Chinese Scholarship Council.</p></fn>

Evacuation flow of pedestrians considering compassion effect**

Project supported by the Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2016YFC0802508) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11672289 and 11422221). MBH acknowledges the support of Chinese Scholarship Council.

Chen Yu-Zhang¹, Li Ming¹, Jiang Rui², Hu Mao-Bin^{1, 3, †}

(color online) Competition between cooperators and defectors with different r while ρ_IC = 0.5. (a) r = 0.1; (b) r = 0.47; (c) r = 0.5; (d) r = 0.9. Note here the initial numbers of cooperators and defectors are equal at Time = 0.