The properties of surface nanobubbles formed on different substrates<xref rid="cpb_27_8_086803fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref><fn id="cpb_27_8_086803fn1"><label>*</label><p>Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11290165, 11305252, and U1532260), the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (Grant No. KJZD-EW-M03), and the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (Grant No. QYZDJ-SSW-SLH019).</p></fn>

The properties of surface nanobubbles formed on different substrates**

Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11290165, 11305252, and U1532260), the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (Grant No. KJZD-EW-M03), and the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (Grant No. QYZDJ-SSW-SLH019).

Zou Zheng-Lei^{1, 3}, Quan Nan-Nan^{1, 3}, Wang Xing-Ya^{3, 4}, Wang Shuo^{2, 4}, Zhou Li-Min^{2, 4}, Hu Jun², Zhang Li-Juan^{3, †}, Dong Ya-Ming^{1, ‡}

(color online) The PF-QNM images of nanobubbles on (a) and (d) HOPG, (b) and (e) DTS modified silicon, and (c) and (f) OTS modified silicon substrates. Panels (a), (b), and (c) are images with 4-°C cold water method, and panels (d), (e), and (f) are images with ethanol–water exchange method. Scan size: 5 μm ×5 μm, data scale: 20 nm.