Ultrafast electron microscopy in material science<xref rid="cpb_27_7_070703fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref><fn id="cpb_27_7_070703fn1"> <label>*</label><p>Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2015CB921300), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant Nos. 2016YFA0300300, 2017YFA0504703, and 2017YFA0302900), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11604372, 11474323, and 11774391), the “Strategic Priority Research Program (B)” of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDB07020000), and the Scientific Instrument Developing Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. ZDKYYQ20170002). Z. A. L acknowledges the financial support of the Hundred Talent Program B from CAS.</p> </fn>

Ultrafast electron microscopy in material science* *

Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2015CB921300), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant Nos. 2016YFA0300300, 2017YFA0504703, and 2017YFA0302900), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11604372, 11474323, and 11774391), the “Strategic Priority Research Program (B)” of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDB07020000), and the Scientific Instrument Developing Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. ZDKYYQ20170002). Z. A. L acknowledges the financial support of the Hundred Talent Program B from CAS.

Yang Huaixin^{1, 2}, Sun Shuaishuai¹, Zhang Ming^{1, 2}, Li Zhongwen^{1, 2}, Li Zian¹, Xu Peng¹, Tian Huanfang¹, Li Jianqi^{1, 2, 3, †}

(color online) Ultrafast electronic dynamics of the metallic phase in the bi-layered PrSr_0.2Ca_1.8Mn₂O₇. (a) Static EELS spectrum from 0 to 700 eV (blue symbols). The red curves indicate theoretical calculations. DFT calculations are used until 600 eV, and atomic multiplet calculations are used for the Mn L-edge above 600 eV. (b) Energy–time map of the low-loss EELS spectrum. The three-dimensional plot is obtained by taking the difference between EELS(t) and EELS(t < 0). (c) Temporal profile of the EELS intensity at selected energies, which correspond with the specified electronic states. Reprinted from Ref. [33] with permission.