(color online) Geometric phase. (a) Exemplary resonator’s phase-space trajectories for the test qutrit in |g⟩ (blue squares) and |e⟩ (red squares) by sampling at a few selected time intervals during the evolutions with Wigner tomography using the ancilla.^[28] Some relevant experimental parameters are MHz, δ_d/2π = 10.3 MHz, Δ_g/2π = 11.9 MHz, and Δ_e/2π = 18.0 MHz. Dashed lines are visual guides connecting the experimental data points. (b)–(d) Ramsey interferences: probabilities P_e of the test qubit in the excited state |e⟩, with color bar in (b), as functions of Φ and Ω² for δ_d/2π = 10.3 MHz (b), δ_d/2π = 11.6 MHz (c), and δ_d/2π = 22.2 MHz (d), with T ≈ 170 ns. Other relevant parameters can be found in Table 1. Solid lines are numerical simulations for the dispersively coupled resonator–test qutrit system with the assumption of an extra driving strength of 0.3 Ω to the test qutrit in the full Hamiltonian due to the on-chip microwave crosstalk. For a fixed P_e, the linear scaling of Φ with Ω² is clearly observed, which, according to Eq. (4), implies that the geometric phase difference β is also linear in Ω².