Scanning transmission electron microscopy: A review of high angle annular dark field and annular bright field imaging and applications in lithium-ion batteries*

Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2014CB921002), the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDB07030200), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51522212, 51421002, and 51672307).

Tong Yu-Xin1, 2, Zhang Qing-Hua1, †, Gu Lin1, 2, ‡
       

(color online) ABF images showing Li ions of partially delithiated LiFePO4 at every other row. (a) Pristine materials with the atomic structure of LiFePO4 are shown as an inset, (b) fully charged state at atomic structure of FePO4 shown for comparison, and (c) half-charged state depicting the Li staging structure. Note that Li sites are marked by yellow circles and delithiated sites are marked by orange circles.[53]