Scanning transmission electron microscopy: A review of high angle annular dark field and annular bright field imaging and applications in lithium-ion batteries<xref rid="cpb_27_6_066107_fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref><fn id="cpb_27_6_066107_fn1"> <label>*</label> <p>Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2014CB921002), the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDB07030200), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51522212, 51421002, and 51672307).</p> </fn>

Scanning transmission electron microscopy: A review of high angle annular dark field and annular bright field imaging and applications in lithium-ion batteries* *

Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2014CB921002), the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDB07030200), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51522212, 51421002, and 51672307).

Tong Yu-Xin^{1, 2}, Zhang Qing-Hua^{1, †}, Gu Lin^{1, 2, ‡}

(color online) (a) HAADF image of LiMn₂O₄ after normal voltage cycling. (b) and (c) Enlarged images of the surface and subsurface regions, corresponding respectively to the red and blue boxes shown in panel (a). (d₁) Crystal structure of defect-spinel LiMn₃O₄ viewed along the^[110] direction. The Mn atoms (purple) occupy both octahedral and tetrahedral sites and O atoms are depicted in red. (d₂) Simulated HAADF image. (e) and (f) Line profiles corresponding to the red lines in panel (b), blue lines in panel (c), and purple lines in (d₂), respectively.^[109]