Orienting the future of bio-macromolecular electron microscopy<xref rid="cpb_27_6_063601_fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref> <fn id="cpb_27_6_063601_fn1"> <label>*</label> <p>Project supported by the Science Funds from the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant Nos. ZDKYYQ20170002 and XDB08030202) and the Science Funds from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grant Nos. 2017YFA0504700 and 2014CB910700).</p> </fn>

Orienting the future of bio-macromolecular electron microscopy* *

Project supported by the Science Funds from the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant Nos. ZDKYYQ20170002 and XDB08030202) and the Science Funds from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grant Nos. 2017YFA0504700 and 2014CB910700).

Sun Fei^{1, 2, 3, †}

(color online) Image formation of a thick specimen with average underfocus f_a. Gauss obj plane: the plane where the ideal objective is located according to the Gauss image formation formula. D: the thickness of the specimen. OL: objective lens. V(x, y, z): the density function of the specimen. I(x, y): the image function at the image plane.