Effect of nickel segregation on CuΣ9 grain boundary undergone shear deformations
Liu Xiang-Yue1, Zhang Hong1, 2, 3, †, Cheng Xin-Lu1
       

(color online) Dichromatic diagrams of the transformation of Σ9(221) structure units, showing (a) R1 and R2 and (b) R1 and R1 processes respectively. Pink line and yellow line describe the primal and transformed structure units, respectively, and red arrows depict displacement vectors.